1. People use these methods because they are sometimes behind on their work and don't have the time to make them up and they panic. They also use this to avoid working on their projects because they can be lazy and not want to do their own research.

2. I think Sandra should be let off with a warning or even a fail on the assignment because she did not know that Muhammad would copy off her and it is unfair to punish someone that had no involvement in the case. Also she was not told that helping others was not permitted.

3. They will have a very difficult time getting into other schools and jobs even because the schools do not want to deal with these problems again. Also depending on the act there could be a legal involvement.

4. MIT (Theoretical Choice) has a policy of either giving a grade on an assignment for what the student has actually completed or if the professor(believe the student has not intentionally acted dishonestly they will receive a redo on the assignment. If the cases is declared a COD case it could result in suspension or expulsion.